There are several points:
The most important point relates to the distribution of does and bucks at this time of the year.
If you've just climbed 2-3000 feet to get into a good hunting position and you see a chamois below you at timberline you know there's a good chance it's a doe.
Stay high and focus on the country around you and you might see a buck like the one in this photo, also on public land and photographed after a gut busting climb.